• children’s stories;
• Detectives;
• fantasy;
• horror;
• science fiction;
• thrillers;
• romance;
• erotica.

The format of the media varies: books magazines, subscriptions to the Internet platform. In addition to bright, eye-catching pictures, there is also a strict, black and white variety, which has its own fans.

A separate interpretation is the manga, the Japanese version, which enjoys phenomenal popularity in Asia. The images of the characters are characterized by simplicity of drawing, the main emphasis is on the disproportionately large eyes. Story lines are reflected mainly in pictures, dialogues are of secondary importance. Manga became a source of inspiration for the creation of anime, a Japanese animation that retains the graphic style and manner of the original.

Many viewers, after watching movies about superheroes, join the world of comics, because they want to know the background of the characters, the details of their relationships with other actors. The major publishers working in the comics genre are the constant competitors of Marvel and DC. The Marvel universe is known for such series as:

• Captain America;
• Spider-Man;
• Guardians of the Galaxy;
• Hulk;
• X-Men;
• Iron Man.

DC Publishing is famous for creating Batman, Superman, Wonder Woman, the Joker, and the Justice League. The industry’s dominant players offer readers hundreds of characters and storylines.

For many readers, comics have already become a constant source of interesting stories, becoming a full-fledged hobby.

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As you may have already guessed, the story that the image conveys to us can be of absolutely any genre: it is science fiction, crime or romance that we know, and many others that testify to the content of comics. In this article we will look not at what comics tell us, but how they do it. In other words, the conversation will be about form. Let’s go!

TRADITIONAL COMICS.

Traditional, or as they are called, Americanized” comics have a fairly trite plot about superheroes and their enemies, the villains. This kind of comics is sales-oriented, so they are quite popular, and at least once in our lives we have definitely seen them. Glossy, colorful, worn to holes plot – the characteristics of traditional comics.

GRAPHIC NOVELS

Similar to traditional, but different in depth of subject matter, graphic novels are also a fairly common type of comic book. This format is a voluminous work that is not published intermittently, but once. Do all of us remember the classic novels everyone read in school? The graphic novel is no less serious work, only in it the text plays an auxiliary role and the author’s message is conveyed to us through the image.

STRIPS

This type of comic strip has gained not a little popularity these days. Stripes or “miniatures” are a comic strip of two or four pictures, which are accompanied by a text to convey the idea of the creator. Most often we can find strips on the Internet or in magazines, but there are also entire collections of drawn miniatures.

WEB COMBINS

We are all active users of the World Wide Web, due to which web comics are also becoming popular. They can be published both on paid and free internet resources, in the second case it can be the artist’s personal website. Web comics are created exclusively on the computer in “online” mode, they differ in absolutely arbitrary format, animation or sound accompaniment, as well as different themes. However, webcomics creators should keep in mind that in order to interest readers, their work must be understandable to most and have its own “zest”

MANGA

Where else but in Japan are comics considered a separate form of visual art? Manga is a format of Japanese comics that developed into a major branch of book publishing in Japan in the middle of the last century. The hallmark of manga is black and white, although nowadays bright colors are sometimes favored to create Japanese comics, and the reading of comics from right to left.

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“Hallelujahs” in the 16th and 17th centuries were widespread in Flanders, France, and Germany.
Forerunners of comics include the political European caricatures of the eighteenth century. The engravings of the English artist and illustrator William Hogarth (1697-1764) were extremely popular and were a series of drawings telling a particular story. In 1730-1731 he produced a series of engravings of six paintings entitled “The Career of a Prostitute,” followed by the next, “The Career of a Moth,” which was published in 1735. In 1745, the famous satirical series “Fashionable Marriage” was created. A number of other series appeared, and in the mid-1850s almost any English bookstore or small shop could buy engravings by William Hogarth.

In the 19th century, a factory production of stories in pictures was established in Epinal. Thus, Pelleren’s factory produced 600 stories consisting of 16 square pictures with captions (the classic Spanish “hallelujah” had 48 pictures).

In 1830-1846, the Swiss Rodolphe Teupfer publishes in Geneva a series of albums about the adventures of Mr. Jabot and Mr. Crépin.

One of the founders of the comic book genre was the German satirist poet and painter Heinrich Christian Wilhelm Busch (1832-1908). His witty satirical poems in pictures are popular all over the world.

After 1870, illustrated weeklies in Europe began to use a form of lubonic “Epinal pictures.” Louis Lumiere borrowed the plot of “The Watered Waterman” from such picture books.

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There are many different names for this art form and its individual varieties. Large-scale comics with a through plot are called graphic novels (aka graphic novels), short – strips. Web comics are posted online.
In some states and countries with a developed industry of graphic stories they have their own name. Thus, in the French-speaking world comics are called bande dessinée (drawn tape) or BD, Japanese comics are called manga.

There are many definitions of a comic book, but all of them, in general, boil down to the fact that a comic book is a series of images in which a story is told. According to most researchers, a comic book is a unity of narrative and visual action. Scott McCloud, author of Understanding Comics, offers a short definition of “sequential images,” and a fuller definition of “adjacent drawings and other images in a meaningful sequence.” Georges Sadoul defines comics as “stories in pictures.
Comics do not necessarily contain text; there are also “silent” comics with an intuitive plot (e.g. Jean Giraud’s Arzac). But more often than not, direct speech in a comic is conveyed by a “word bubble,” which is usually depicted as a cloud coming from the mouth, or, in the case of a depiction of thoughts, from the character’s head. The author’s words are usually placed above or below the frames of the comic.

Comics can be anything in terms of both literary genre and drawing style. Even the works of classics of literature are adapted in the form of comics. But historically, the most common genres of comics have been adventure and cartooning. This stereotype has long marred the reputation of comics.
Drawing in a comic book has a certain amount of conventionality. It is simplified for speed of drawing and ease of perception and reader identification with the character.

In terms of volume, comics range from short “strips” of a few (usually three) pictures to voluminous graphic novels and series of multiple issues.

Comics are closely related to cinema, and especially to animation. As the same McCloud points out, “Film on film is a very slow comic book. Space means the same thing to a comic book as time means to a movie. In English the word “cartoon” can mean both a comic book and a cartoon[. A great many Japanese “anime” cartoons are adaptations of Japanese “manga” comics.

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